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Whisk together flour, baking powder, and salt.
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In a separate bowl, beat butter and sugar until fluffy, about 2 minutes. Add egg, lemon zest, and vanilla and beat until combined.
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With mixer on low speed, add the dry ingredients, a third at a time, alternating with the milk, ending with dry ingredients. Divide batter among muffin cups (cups will be only 1/3 full) and smooth tops. Top with apricot slices, almonds, and sprinkle with raw sugar.
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Bake at 350 degrees until cakes are golden and a tester inserted into the centers comes out clean, 20–25 minutes.
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DO AHEAD: Cakes can be made 1 day ahead.